Showing posts with label aquaculture. Show all posts
Showing posts with label aquaculture. Show all posts

Saturday, May 28, 2016

What is an Aquaculture Technician

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Also known as "Fish Farmers" or "Fish Farm Workers", Aquaculture Technicians are the front line and the core workers responsible for maintaining fish farms and in ensuring proper husbandry of the farms livestock.

Technicians raise and harvest fish, shellfish, and plants in fresh or salt water. The fish and plant life they grow are sold for food or used to replenish wildlife stocks for recreational or commercial fishing.

Aquaculture workers are the first to see and respond to any problems with production. They are normally responsible for feeding the stock and calculating how much food is needed. Another key task is to maintain optimal water quality through monitoring and control. A fish farmer at times will need to check the stock for stress, health and disease and take preventive or remedial action when necessary. They also collect and record growth and production data and are involved in the harvesting of market sized fish and the stocking of young.

In a land based “tank farm” technicians may be required to install, operate, maintain and clean pumps, filters and other equipment. They will need to clean - maintain tanks and “raceways” used to hold and grow the fish. Farm technicians will undertake basic record keeping and reporting in both written and verbal formats. Workers may also be required to clean and prepare the fish for market.

Aquaculture technicians may be required to work both indoors and outside. The work outdoors may be in all kinds of weather. The tasks "chores" can be physically demanding and include some lifting and carrying.

The Aquaculture technician must be ready to do a variety of work tasks. They are usually given a good deal of responsibility and much of the time could be working unsupervised. Good observational skills and plenty of patience are required.

Aquaculture is more than a job; like land farming, it’s a way of life. Technicians often work seven days a week, with time off after. Shift work is common, including weekends and holidays. Aquaculture workers are employed by private aquaculture operations, government fish hatcheries and experimental aquatic farms.

In the course of their career, the right person can advance and become manager or owner of an aquaculture operation, supervising other technicians and operations. To become a manager or owner, good administrative skills, practical experience, and a high level of technical understanding are required and they must know how to deal with people. A technician seeking self-employment also needs to be a good business planner and long term “thinker”, since it may take two to three years before the stock they raise is sold.

Many technicians (with the desire) have gone on to become self-employed, owning and operate their own aquaculture farms, after the gaining experience and practical knowledge required and after evaluating the risks and commitments involved in owning a business.

Related Links and articles:
" Overview of an Aquaculture Technician Training Program "
"Aquaculture Industry Jobs and Employment"

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Thursday, May 26, 2016

Types of Aquaculture Technologies

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There are many types of systems and farm designs used to grow fish. These include; ponds, net cages in lakes or oceans, rectangle raceway tanks, circular (round) tanks, earthen tanks lined with plastics or clays and other forms of containment. Basic Land based fish farms involve the use of one or more types of tanks or ponds and generally have water piped in and out to maintain life support for the fish and to flush the tanks of waste products. Basic designs may also include mechanical aeration equipment for adding oxygen to water.

In recent years land based farms have advanced in technology to become more eco-friendly and to provide greater security and control of the farming process. The most advanced of these are known as water recirculation systems or RAS designs. Advancements in design and technology are being driven in part by the need to develop alternative methods for aquaculture and by the demand for more fish and secure supplies.

Read more here

We are in the process on migrating North Aqua Farms website to this site. Please bear with us while we improve and recover from our website problems. Thanks!

4,000 Pounds of Organic Vegetables Per Month, With 1/10th The Space

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Wednesday, May 25, 2016

Responsible Aquaculture Program

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I spent time lately reading many of the arguments "pro and con" that that seem to pop up when Aquaculture is the topic. Numerous opinions have been expressed and there doesnt appear to be a shortage of media attention in certain areas. That robust activity is welcome. It exists in discussions of any industry or of any practice. As educated consumers we are entitled to review information, decide one way or another and make our choices.

Aquaculture isn’t a new idea, people have practiced Aquaculture for a few thousand years, yet in the modern world today, we still debate just about every news release on the subject. Sometimes we read news statements that are generally based in fact and other statements that contain a few elements of truth designed and emphasized to trigger certain feelings within the population.

Sadly there are a few attention focused presentations within the media that carry very little true research value or census value, and lean toward a more mumble and jumble “argument” that almost always attempts to pigeon hole an industry while presenting the “we told you so attitude” directed at the normal consumer. The reasoning behind this isn’t within my ability to explain.

Last year I wrote a few pages concerning the history and needs satisfied by Aquaculture. In other writings I also talked about the need for improvement.

The Global Aquaculture Alliance efforts to improve the way that Aquaculture is conducted should not go un-noticed.

Statements from the website:

The Responsible Aquaculture Program was developed to promote best management practices for aquaculture operators. The RAP program encourages the culture of safe, wholesome seafood in an environmentally and socially responsible manner. More importantly, it is also intended to improve the efficiency and long-term sustainability of the aquaculture industry.

The Responsible Aquaculture Program began as a straightforward set of "Guiding Principles for Responsible Aquaculture" that promote a cooperative approach to establishing aquaculture operations that reflect environmental, economic, and social sustainability. The principles call for minimal ecological impacts, water conservation, improved feed and drug use, and reductions in effluents.

The Global Aquaculture Alliance is an international, nonprofit trade association dedicated to advancing environmentally and socially responsible aquaculture. GAA recognizes that aquaculture "the culture and farming of fish, shellfish and other aquatic organisms" is the only sustainable means of increasing seafood supply to meet growing food needs.””

Give the link a look.

If we didn’t farm anything period, full stop, where would we be? Can we feed 6 billion people on politics or advertising? Everyday people supply veggies, meats and fish to the world. Managing the resources will play a major factor in the future. Increasing the "food" and ecomonic value of the resources is a factor best left out of media spins.



Rob Freeman

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Friday, May 20, 2016

Aquaculture and Agriculture in Harmony

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Points to consider based on experiences in the Prairie Region of Canada. Dec 19 2005

Recent times have seen an increased interest in Aquaculture as a potential opportunity for farm diversification; this renewed interest is encouraging and worthwhile. Much of this new interest is at a grass roots level where individual family farms are actively seeking alternate forms of agriculture and new economic opportunities. However this heightened awareness will fade unless concrete and solution oriented efforts are made at mitigating the potential knowledge and educational constraints faced by many would be participates.

To successfully integrate commercial scale Aquaculture production into an existing agriculture farm the economic considerations must be carefully examined. A farmer must be able to review and access the potential long-term benefits and become convinced that they warrant the investment required. The potential risks must be fully explored and accounted for within any financial modeling. The operation must also be planned to make the best synergistic use existing assets while still being capable of performing at an economically viable level.

I have over the years realized (through trial and error) that farm design alone does not guarantee success in the business. Sure, there are many new and exciting technologies emerging bringing improvements are good for the industry. It is exciting that recent advances greatly improved the performance, sustainability eco-friendliness of the industry. New farm designs and system technologies have made it possible that Aqua Farms can be operated in areas with limited water supplies and can be combined with other crop production to create even further on farm diversification. The technology are great and required, but Technology alone does not guarantee success.

Future fish farmers will also require comprehensive data dealing with production options, alternatives, investment required, operational costs, benefits to existing operations and other social economic factors. In addition the farmer needs to have access to training and skills development and longer term support for continual evaluation, refinements and business expansion.

Without training, good knowledge and proper management resources, it is unlikely that the average farmer wishing to diversify into aquaculture will be successful. Commercial scale Aqua Farming can require a sizable financial investments making knowledge and management ability all the more important in protecting and achieving a return on investment.

Most of the key deciding factors governing Aqua Farming investment decisions are not readily apparent or within easy access to the general public. In Manitoba, this lack of knowledge combined wuth the absense of a facility (or means) to witness the demonstration of working viable models, creates a justified roadblock in the minds of people that would otherwise embrace the opportunity. Many potential farmers do not yet have a comfort level sufficent to make the decision to invest in the industry. Their thoughts could be expressed as “let me see a working example and a business plan then I can determine if it can work for me”.

At this stage, it wouldn’t be wise to encourage new industry entrants "to attempt to duplicate a full scale commercial farm" without first getting their feet wet and gaining first hand knowledge and training.

However if the private sector and public sector collaborate in a mutually beneficial way it is likely that more effective co-sponsored research and development activities can be undertaken providing timely support to commercial operators while ensuring that more potential operators will be able to access top level up to date knowledge.

An effective means to demonstrate the farming process in a practical and scalable fashion will encourage further commercial development. Farm demonstration and training are two key ingredients in fostering future aqua farm development. These have to be made available in a manner that fits with the time and financial resources of the existing agri-business owner.

Smaller scale demonstration type farms are required to trigger growth of the provincial industry while allowing lower levels of risk exposure by future operators.

Commercially oriented demonstration farms with an information exchange component have been proven effective in furthering the development of fish farming in other locations.

Related Article “Starting a New Aquaculture Business? – Here are some suggested guidelines to help ”

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Monday, May 16, 2016

Newfoundland and Aquaculture Training

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New aquaculture program to start in August.

I am always on the look out for news relating to Aquaculture. I also have a self admitted fondness for reading about new things or events that demonstrate an educational improvement.

Recently I read a news story in "The coaster Online" and here is what I think.

First off, Its good news that the Keyin College will be offering its first ever Aquaculture program at St. Alban’s Newfoundland, in August 2007. Early indications are that it is comprehensive program.

The press release states " The new program is designed to introduce students to the history of aquaculture, give them an overview of the state of the aquaculture industry and to prepare them for all facets of the industry which is growing rapidly, especially in the Coast of Bays region.""

Heidi Middleton, human resources manger with Cooke Aquaculture said "their hiring practice will give preference to candidates with a background in the industry".

Cooke Aquaculture is a significant stakeholder in the Atlantic Canada Aquaculture industry. The company in recent years, has enlarged its business by expanding into new locations and diversifying its operations.

Heidi goes on to say " A candidate can gain experience in the industry in one of two ways: by obtaining an Aquaculture Technician Certificate through a recognized learning institute like Keyin College or adequate years of hands-on industry experience. These employees will be compensated at a higher starting rate."

She also notes that " many existing Cooke Managers possess an Aquaculture Technician accreditation."

The press release also points out "Once they complete the program students will have the skills to become aquaculture technicians with the opportunity to obtain long-term employment in one of the growing industries in the province. Cooke Aquaculture has invested millions into its operations in the region, as well as companies such as the Barry Group of Companies."

I see this new program as another welcome sign of advancement within Aquaculture Industry, particularly as it relates to my home province. (I am not shy)

Certainly the duration of the program is lengthy enough to provide for a wide range of learning opportunities covering the important aspects of the industry. Experience has thought me that training programs which include a good effort at providing a backgrounder to the history and nature of the industry, combined with the fundamentals of practice, offer more for "both" the students and prospective employers.

Persons that achieve a good working knowledge of the industry while gaining an understanding of the history and of its present day importance as a sustainable food source, are in my opinion "The Class Act", and represent the future of the industry.

I look forward reading future updates of this program and its progress.

News Story Reference: Special To the Coaster June 5 20007

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Saturday, May 14, 2016

Arctic Char In Aquaculture

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Arctic Char were first investigated as an aquaculture species because it was expected that they would have low optimum temperature requirements and would grow well at the cold water temperatures present in numerous areas of Canada. It was also "correctly" anticipated that the Arctic Char would be welcomed as an alternate selection to Rainbow Trout and thus could provide producers with a unique product and a niche in seafood markets.


Canadian Arctic char are farmed in the Yukon Territory, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick, Quebec and Manitoba. Operators in Iceland, Norway and the USA also raise Char. There are several different strains of Arctic Char being used in aquaculture. The most common strains used in Canada are derived from Nayuk Lake and Fraser River stocks. Read More Here

Good Aquaculture Attributes

The majority of Arctic char produced today are raised in land-based systems. Arctic char eggs are hatched within specialized hatchery facilities where the young fish remain until they reach ~100 grams and can be transferred to larger grow - out tanks. The initial early rearing stages of growing can take almost a year for the juveniles to reach 100 grams. Once in the production farm Arctic char exhibit a rapid growth spurt from juvenile to adulthood, with most stocks reaching market weight (1-2.5kg) within the next 12 months. Read More Here

Well Suited to Land Based Aquaculture

Land-based Arctic char rearing systems are considered to be among the most environmentally responsible fish farming designs. Facilities that utilize designs based on the principles of Recirculation Aquaculture technologies are among the most cutting edge farms. Arctic Char exhibit unique characteristics that make the species favorable to land based secure production, chief among those is its natural desire to shoal and live in high density populations. Read More Here

Excellent Market Reception

The Arctic Char is highlighted as a “Best” choice by the Monterey Aquarium Seafood Watch Guide for Healthy Oceans. The New England Aquarium lists farm raised Arctic Char as an ocean friendly species. They call it an excellent choice. Read More

Related Pages

Arctic Char Farming Introduction
Water Recycling Aquaculture
Profile Of Family Fish Farm


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Friday, May 13, 2016

Sustainability and Aquaculture

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People have been farming fish for thousands of years. Today, a wide range of plants and animals are grown in aquaculture farms both on a commercial scale and subsistence level. As a result of the growing world population and a shift in western societies towards healthier eating patterns commercial scale fish farming has had to expand to fill the need for fresh fish and seafood. Aquaculture is well suited to meeting this increasing demand for seafood. Out of need, we realized as a society, centuries ago, that we could not sustain ourselves with hunting and gathering of land foods. Much the same today, we must also face the very same facts when it comes to harvest of the waters.

Commercial scale fish farmers and western consumers are not the only beneficiaries of increased aquaculture production. Several low-income food-deficit countries are big aquaculture producers. In these countries aquaculture contributes to poverty alleviation and to the enhanced supply of fish products to poor people in rural and urban areas.

In addition to the massive direct food production benefits, fish farming technologies also play a supporting role to the wild fishery by making possible fish restocking and enhancement activities and by filling a complimentary niche in export markets. Indeed the sharp decline in some “wild fish Stocks” is mitigated in part by supplemental production of young seed stock in hatcheries.

The inherent efficiencies of farming versus fishing for the wild catch (hunting) will continue to further a progressive switch from fishing to fish farming. In the late 1990’s the FAO estimated that the cost of catching fish in the wild, on a global basis, was already about 25% higher than the true value of the catch. Much of the difference was made up in subsidies and other forms of financial support.

Alternative Production Methods and Advancements in Aquaculture

Land based aquaculture is a food sector that is sustainable, renewable and provides safe high quality food products to consumers while creating considerable benefits for the general population. Based on science and technology, it is a market driven sector that has emerged to provide consumers with value, taste and convenience in consumption of seafood and other Aquatic products similar to that expected from other food commodities.

Aqua Farming requires clean growing waters to maintain a satisfactory level of production. Therefore, the industry has to encourage environmentally friendly practices and has taken many practical steps to protect the local environment. In fact without ensuring protection of the environment, the industry itself would flounder. Such safeguards include government measures controlling the introduction of new species and the transfer of fish, fish health protection, better site selection, and actions to minimize fish escapes and prevent waste discharges.

Land based fish farms that utilize technology to recycle and reuse water supplies and to prevent waste discharge and fish escapement are among the most eco-friendly and sustainable methods of aquaculture. Farms that incorporate water recirculation aquaculture systems into their design are proven to be the most eco-friendly of all commercial fish farms.

Taking these systems one step further involves the incorporation of polyculture techniques, where plant crops are grown with the nutrients produced by the fish crop. This is known as Aquaponics a farming technique that is becoming more common in the design of both small and larger scale farms. Land based farms using Aquaponics is one of the most promising of alternative aquaculture practices.

Aquaculture books and reference materials.

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Saturday, May 7, 2016

New FAO Aquaculture Website

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Toady I had a chance to check out the new website of Aquaculture Conservation and Management Service (FIMA)FAO. Here is part of their new release

"""Wednesday, 23 May 2007
GISFish is a brand new Web site of the Aquaculture Conservation and Management Service (FIMA) of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) and a number of collaborating institutions.

It is evident there are many opportunities to use GIS, remote sensing and mapping to improve the sustainability of aquaculture and inland fisheries, but the more widespread use of these tools is impeded by a limited of awareness of their benefits and a lack of access to experience on how they can be deployed. GISFish was created to overcome these impediments. It is aimed at GIS practitioners and fisheries and aquaculture professionals in developing countries."""



Read Full Story

The new website can be accessed From This Link

The mission for this site, as well as its overriding goal, is "Solving problems in inland fisheries and aquaculture using GIS, remote sensing and mapping". Specifically, the objectives of GISFish are to:

* Improve the sustainability of aquaculture and inland fisheries by promoting the use of GIS, remote sensing and mapping
* Facilitate the use of GIS, remote sensing, and mapping through easy access to comprehensive information on applications and training opportunities.

Sounds like a worthwhile mission. I am going to test run it. Ill post with more thoughts later.

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Friday, April 22, 2016

FIS Worldnews OriginOils technology can reduce toxin levels in aquaculture

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FIS - Worldnews - OriginOils technology can reduce toxin levels in aquaculture

seafood waiting to catch a fish

OriginOil, Inc has announced that its Solids Out of Solution(TM) (SOS) technology could be used by the aquaculture industry to lower toxin levels, and that fish farmers could feed algae to their farmed fish on a wide scale. 

"Using OriginOil technology, WeFeedUs believes it may be able to accelerate aquaculture research and development and, ultimately, advance the commercialization of a proprietary Algal inclusion, high-protein, high-value, specialty fish feed," said Mike Andrus, Co-Founder and Principal of WeFeedUs. Read More

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Friday, April 15, 2016

Understanding Aquaculture Introduction

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Introduction

The search for alternative crops and sustainable food production methods to augment or substitute for traditional resources can a challenging undertaking. Many factors are involved in the decision making process including research, feasibility study and review of the social and economic considerations.

One alternative food production industry that has developed rapidly over the last couple of decades is Aquaculture, recognized as the worlds fastest growing food production industry. Aquaculture development has not been without challenges, nor is fish farming a stranger to contraversy.

To understand the plus and minus factors of aquaculture, we need to first closely review the industry, its history, its adaptaion and its track record. Lets start with finding out what it is.

What is Aquaculture?

Aquaculture is an industry that encompasses the cultivation of aquatic plants and animals in controlled systems for commercial, recreation or for resource management purposes. The most widely accepted short definition of Aquaculture is as " the cultivation of any aquatic (fresh and marine) species (plant or animal)". Often it is just called "Fish Farming". Whatever the definition used, it is clear that Aquaculture is the Agriculture of the oceans and inland water resources.
Aquaculture shares many similarities in concept to many land based agriculture industries such as cattle farming and many of the same management techniques are used in aquaculture. Like more traditional forms of agriculture the goal of commercial aquaculture is to maximize production at a minimal cost to maintain a profit margin.

The earliest records of fish farming are from Asia (China) where the practice has been known of for at least 3500 years, in particular with carp. Even today, some 80% of fish farming takes place in Asia.

Forty years ago, in the west (North America), the only salmonid type fish that was farmed commercially was rainbow trout in fresh water. Salmon farming, which is now the main commercial fish farming activity in the west, developed in Norway in the late 1960s to the early ‘70s, and also began in Canada in the 1970’s.

The Need for Aquaculture

Aquaculture is poised to become an important source of protein for the worlds growing population. Because the capture fishing industry has peaked and is likely to decline as wild stocks are diminished. Fish farming offers one of the only remaining opportunities to bridge the gap between the wild catch and the demand for fish. As a result of the growing world population and a shift in western societies towards healthier eating patterns, there is likely to be a continuing increase in demand for seafood, while wild supplies will continue to dwindle, guaranteeing an even greater future need for Aquaculture production.

Various estimates of the future increase in aquaculture production have been made: By 2010, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that production will be up to 27 million metric tons, perhaps even as much as 45 million metric tons. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimated in an interim report, entitled: "Agriculture: Towards 2015/2030", published in July 2000, that global fish consumption will rise by 25% by 2030. Average world consumption of fish per person could grow from 16 kg a year, in 1997, to 19 or 20 kg by 2030, raising the total food use of fish to 150 - 160 million metric tons. The annual sustainable yield of marine capture fisheries is estimated at no more than 100 million metric tons. The bulk of the increase in supply therefore will have to come from aquaculture," says the report. Aquaculture is well suited to meeting this increasing demand for seafood.

The inherent efficiencies of farming versus fishing for the wild catch (hunting) will see a progressive switch from fishing to fish farming. The FAO estimates that the cost of catching fish in the wild, on a global basis, is about 25% higher than the value of the catch. The difference is made up by government subsidies. Were these to be removed from the landed values of wild fisheries, the economic realities would undoubtedly further stimulate the aquaculture industry.
The growth in the Aquaculture industry is not only related to increasing demand and diminishing wild stocks, but also to factors such as consistency in supply and quality, traceability and good documentation.


Across Canada and World wide the Aquaculture industry has grown tremendously over the last decade. With an ever-expanding world population, and ever-increasing food deficit, world food supply stability demands attention and solutions. Aquatic Farming like agriculture in general is a logical and necessary means to meet these demands.
In developing regions, emphasis is being placed on aquaculture industry development, for food security, employment, income generation as well as to relieve the ever increasing pressures on the wild resources.

Aquaculture covers three areas of aquatic farming, freshwater culture (100% fresh water), brackish water culture (50%FW/50% Saltwater) and mariculture (100% saltwater). This is determined by species adapted to live in these environments, some are totally freshwater based, some are totally salt water and some are in between. Aquaculture therefore depends on the existence of these environments and they are what determine what aquaculture practice a region develops.

Diversification of the rural and farm economies has been a subject of considerable attention in recent years, due in part to setbacks experienced in the production of other livestock, crops and farm products. Aquaculture has been shown to be a suitable practice providing economic diversification, employment and other social and economic benefits in many regions. It is estimated that the commercial aquaculture sector provides over 14,000 jobs nationally, of which more than 8,000 are in the production sector with the remainder being in the supply and services sectors (OCAD, 2002). With respect to these direct jobs, close to 50% of those employed are less than 30 years old and the majority (over 90%) of workers live in rural and coastal communities (DFO, 2002).

Status of Aquaculture in Manitoba

The scale of Aquaculture development in Manitoba is not yet significant on the national level. Commercial development has not yet occurred at the degree encountered in many other parts of the country, however based upon knowledge of industry happenings, it would appear that there is considerable potential to develop a modern, robust and viable industry of significant scale.
Manitoba has the natural resources, economy and geographical position that are advantageous to the innovative fish farms. Those being primarily land based operations utilizing tanks and/or raceway systems.

Some of the provincial strong points are:

• Good sources of clean water in sufficient quantities and quality.

• A strong agricultural base and social environment

• Low cost utility rates particularly for electricity

• An excellent geographical position for servicing markets

• A freshwater fisheries industry with the knowledge of processing and transportation of seafood products

• The province has existing sources for research and development expertise in Aquaculture and food products. (University, Ag and food research Centers etc.) Leading edge research exists or has existed within the province relating to culture of fish species such as Arctic Char, Yellow Perch, and Lake Sturgeon.

• There is recognition in Government of the benefits and need for economic diversification and that Aquaculture development has been shown to provide excellent opportunity for diversification in other regions.

• Existing fish farmers have a wealth of knowledge and experience in addition to fish stocks, facilities and equipment from which further developments can be undertaken.

Although the core physical resources and conditions exist, that favour development of an Aquaculture industry, there remain several constraints that have and will adversely affect the pace, viability and level of development in the province.

In the past this industry has experienced numerous ups and downs. Overall the Industry has not developed at a pace matching that of other regions. Generally the industry has evolved with limited support from government agencies and has entered a phase where growth will transpire, however it is worthy to review key factors that have had an effect upon its scale and its nature to date, in order to determine activities that could further stimulate the industry within a more rapid timeframe.

There are three key points that stand out when reviewing the history of Aqua Farm development within Manitoba.

1. Efforts aimed at development have met with limited success to date. Existing producers have struggled to further their businesses while encountering numerous economic and technical constraints that by their nature are extremely difficult and costly to address on an individual basis.

2. Would be fish farmers wishing to investigate the potential for diversification offered by Aquaculture have encountered difficulties in accessing the information, the knowledge and the advice required to properly evaluate and review the opportunity for intergrading aquaculture with existing their agriculture farms.

3. The financial sector has viewed Aquaculture in Manitoba as being risky due to lack of the same support programs and extension services that are today an entrenched part of other forms of agriculture.

To more fully understand this history, we must look at some of the constraints that still face Aquaculture developments in the province.

-An understanding of the industry and the business potential offered is not widespread. Individuals, corporations etc. involved with other successful agriculture ventures have not had an effective or informative opportunity to investigate the diversification and economic potential of the aqua farming industry.

- No facilities exist within the provinces that have the means to accept and conduct technology demonstration or practical accredited training to prospective fish farmers.

- Present operators wishing to explore new or emerging technologies aimed at reducing operating costs, diversifying products, increasing production or capturing new market opportunities have to do so themselves. Doing so is virtually impossible and risky when operating a day to day business and particularly in the smaller scale operations that exist. Financing, testing and implementing such items while operating a marginal level farm would amount to business suicide.

- Agriculture business operational support services such as stock vet services, problem trouble shooting / solving, farm planning, agri-business development scenarios etc. are not tailored to meet the to or include Aquaculture.

- Agriculture financial support services such as a crop insurance program, guarantee programs for capital financing, bridge financing, livestock development etc. are not tailored to or applicable for aquaculture activities. Present aqua farmers have had difficulties in obtaining financing from traditional agri-business lenders as a result. Very few safety nets exists that will increase the confidence level of traditional lenders. Without such support programs the risk element is usually considered to be beyond that of other agriculture activities and as a result greatly reduces the potential Aqua FarmerÂ’s access to traditional financing.

- Government sector support persons dedicated to the aquaculture sector are extremely limited at the moment. As a result would be operators have trouble identifying the true potential of the industry, or how and where to begin exploring itÂ’s potential.

- No comprehensive study exists that identifies and rates areas of the province that are suited to development of Aquaculture enterprises. Nor is there a review study (plan) that identifies other agriculture support infrastructure, businesses or activities that could be jointly utilized in support of aquaculture.

- The exchange of knowledge and cooperation between industry stakeholders has been haphazard and nearly non existent in an organized forum of discussion or association. Efforts are required to fully establish and maintain a support association of all stakeholders.

To address the above constraints will require cooperation and action at varied levels of government, academic institutes and industry alike. It is likely that the overall process will be a lengthy one involving numerous initiatives within government, the financial sector, the research sector and include several different research, demonstration and development undertakings conducted jointly with industry.

Provincial Aqua Farming development does face challenges, yet there is significant potential for development and ample opportunity to create economic growth, farm diversity and a world class eco-friendly industry.

Land based fish farming technologies are the most promising for future industry development in many regions of the country. This is due to their ability to reduce water requirements and provide greater management control of diseases while reducing the potential for adverse environmental impacts.

As stated earlier Manitoba has considerable resource benefits (water, electricity, distance to markets, agriculture social climate etc.) that favor development of contained land based systems and the province could play a significant role in development of eco-friendly aqua farms.

For further information visit this link: Various Articles and resources relating to aquaculture

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Thursday, April 14, 2016

Aquaculture Cod Walloped — Newfoundlands cod farming industry

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Lindsay Royston
From the November 21-December 4, 2005 Issue of Canadian Business Magazine

If you dont have a Newfie accent and walk into any of the bars on George Street in downtown St. Johns, its a safe bet a bartender will dare you to kiss a codfish. If you pucker up and throw back a shot of Screech, you will qualify as an honorary Newfoundlander. Its a small but telling example of how, despite the decline and fall of the Atlantic cod, the fish that sustained Newfoundland for centuries still has its hooks in the province — its culture, its lingo and its popular imagination.

Perhaps thats part of the reason aquaculture — an industry that promised to revive the cods economic importance — was so widely embraced in Newfoundland. After the wild fishery faded in 1992, the tiny coastal towns and coves that depended on cod became even tinier — they have lost upward of 10% of their populations. Former fishermen who stayed in rural Newfoundland instead of migrating to larger centres like St. Johns or Corner Brook found employment prospects bleak, and the many fish processors dotting the province were forced to run at significantly less than capacity. Amid the hard times, fish farming has come to hold an especially strong allure. "Aquaculture is the very best opportunity for some rural communities and regions to derive livelihoods from the sea far into the future," says Mike Rose, executive director of the Newfoundland Aquaculture Industry Association (NAIA) and Newfoundlands leading aquaculture advocate. As in New Brunswick, salmon aquaculture is now established in Newfoundland — 2003 revenue came in at $6.7 million. Yet the farming of cod held out the promise of rejuvenating the provinces most important and traditional industry in a way that, unlike the wild fishery, might have proven sustainable.

Too bad Newfoundlands cod aquaculture experiment has ended up in the tank. The industrys failure is a tale of poor execution, difficult economic realities and bad luck that is all too familiar to those living on the Rock.

Full Story Link

As an aquaculturist and a Newfoundland born lad, its sad to see such a downturn in events.

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Tuesday, April 12, 2016

Family Farms Sustainable Aquaculture

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Much of what we read in the mainstream media today, concerning Aquaculture and the issues of sustainability is generally focused upon large scale farming activities. Without arguing the pro’s and con’s of large scale aqua farms (that’s a topic for another discussion) I feel the need to point out that small scale family farming or even subsistent aquaculture activities are often overlooked by the media.

Perhaps practicing aquaculture to diversify the survival opportunity available to the family farm or farming fish to create food to eat isn’t as newsworthy or as "sensational" a debate as the debates of “corporate farming, versus “eat wild fish” campaigns are. None the less, Aqua Farming as a way of life is beyond a shadow of a doubt important in many cultures and many countries, and has been for centuries.

Aqua farming has for many centuries played an important role in the continuation of family owned farms or small scale enterprises in many parts of the world. In numerous cultures fish farming has made an important contribution to ensuring the continual supply of wholesome food for thousands of families and communities. Indeed a great portion of the present day farmed fish production is still undertaken to supplement food supplies.

In developing countries and/or low-income food-deficit countries aquaculture has been growing steadily at an average rate of about 10 percent per year since 1970. Why? Fish farming has been practiced for thousands of years as a means of reducing the time and effort associated with hunting food. Much of todays farming activity is still taking place in the same areas as it was 1000’ s of years ago.

Aqua farming continues to reduce the reliance on the hunting and gathering of aquatic creatures and plants. Perhaps there is a message in this, considering that the FAO estimates that the cost of catching fish in the wild, on a global basis, is about 25% higher than the value of the catch.

Contary to mainstream belief the majority of the world’s aqua farmers, do not attempt to by pass the rules of nature, they seek to enhance them. It has been long realized and understood that without enhancement or farm production many of the world’s fish populations would have already succumbed to our demands.

Fish farming is based upon a similar need and demand, that brought about the reasoning behind the farming of any plant or animal. In simple terms farming came to pass because the the food supply and the requirements to support us were out of balance. Humankind couldn’t hunt enough food so we realized that some of that food had to be grown.

Today we know for certain that the wild fish stocks cannot support the food demand placed upon them, thus mankind has been negated to enhance our fish resources.

Like it or not, it is a fact of life, most of the controversy surrounding fish farming doesn’t have a terrible amount of importance to the person that grows fish to eat, nor the person that has witnessed a collapse of a wild fishery that was their traditional family livelihood.

Catching wild stocks without giving anything back is called fishing without regard! The sum of which doesn’t compute. Keep fishing , cross you fingers that the fish will come back.

Catch what we can, then sell the catch. Just how is that more sustainable than families growing fish to eat? Or the small farmer that serves a fresh product to local customers?

If the world relied upon wild fish stocks alone, we would have been responsible for eliminating most fish stocks 10 – 20- years ago.

Family farming of fish is a positive answer to the concerns and issues of sustainability.

We only need to look at small farms that raise fish as an alternative crop in a land based farm. Many use aquaponics where the waste nutrients produced by the fish is used to grow other crops without using chemical fertilizers. Then we can begin to understand that Aquaculture is and can be a much different activity than what we read about in the mainstream media.

Look at a family farm operated by people that want to keep their land and want to be proud in delivering a quality product. You’ll find that many have a near zero impact upon the environment

Many family farms today have been started and continue on the same principles, and yes they survive. They just dont make the waves of media.

Aquaculture Information Website

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Sunday, April 10, 2016

Alternative Aquaculture Systems

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Industry Overview

picture of land based aquaculture in raceway tanksThe Aquaculture industry blossomed rapidly, and became a significant supplier of food over the last couple of decades. Aqua Farming is now practiced worldwide, each year it increases in scope and significance. The aquaculture industry grew out of necessity, the chief reason being that the traditional practice of hunting and gathering of food by fishing became unsustainable in many areas of the world. Read More Here



Growth Trough Innovation

The need for change in seafood supply lead us to Aquaculture and now the need for changes in the way we farm fish has lead us to developing alternative methods to conduct aquaculture in a more sustainable manner. One of new technologies that are having a tremendous impact upon the way we farm fish is land based farming in enclosed tanks using water recycling systems. Read More Here

closed loop aquaculture using aquaponics An innovative combination of fish and vegetable farming methods that is experiencing renewed interest and rapid growth around the world is Aquaponics. This farming method is essentially the rebirth of age old practices and is now used to farm vegetables, herbs and fish synergistically. It is an eco-friendly way to naturally produce quality food for home use or for sale. This scalable farming method is being embraced by many small home growers and even large operations that are using the process and methods as a means of producing sustainable fish and plant crops. Read More Here

Aquaculture Industry Size

Aquaculture, probably the fastest growing food-producing sector, now accounts for nearly 50 percent of the worlds food fish. The reason for this is very simple, aqua farming is the best and most sustainable method to meet the demand for fresh seafood products that our population creates. It is now a widely held view that the worldwide biomass of wild fish and shellfish (stocks) are continuing to be depleted at a rate that surprises even those scientists that made dire predictions a few short years ago. Read More Here.

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Aquaculture in Manitoba Where to Start

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picture of land based fish farm in manitoba
My First Fish Farm in Manitoba
I often receive requests for information on Aquaculture in Manitoba. Many requests are from persons wanting to research the business potential of fish farming as an alternative or supplementary form of agriculture or as a standalone business. The following provides a quick overview of Aquaculture in Manitoba with links to further resources.

Aquaculture, or fish farming, has been practiced in Manitoba since the late 1960s. It began with experimental stocking and fish growth studies in “pothole” lakes in the Erickson area in southwestern Manitoba. These pothole stockings were conducted by the DFO Canada Freshwater Institute and the Manitoba Government. Many of these lakes were considered to have the potential to be productive waters for raising fish and experimental stocking and monitoring was undertaken to help determine fish performance. Rainbow trout quickly became the species of choice due to their rapid rate of growth and their general hardiness. Rainbow trout continue to be the primary species stocked into lakes and dugouts in Manitoba.

Manitoba fish farming activities have primarily taken the form of hobby farming, involving the stocking of fingerling sized young fish into farm dugouts or ponds on private lands, or into small lakes on Crown lands, primarily for recreational purposes. The stock is generally allowed to grow by foraging on available food sources within the pond. This practice is known as Extensive Aquaculture. Depending on the owner preference, pond environment and fish growth desires the food source is sometimes supplemented by the feeding of prepared commercial fish food.

A good source of information on this type of activity is a booklet “Trout Farming in Manitoba”, available from the Fisheries Branch of the Manitoba Department of Water Stewardship.

Intensive aquaculture, which takes the form of fish rearing in cages, tanks, or raceways, is relatively new in Manitoba. There are currently only a few commercial aquaculture operations in the province. However interest in commercial aquaculture as a means of agriculture diversification or as an alternative crop is increasing.

Intensive aquaculture requires a higher degree of rearing environmental control, increased fish stocking densities, controlled feeding rates with prepared nutrient dense diets and greater farm management requirements. Intensive aquaculture operations require more capital investment , involves the use of more technologies and equipment and necessitate increased levels of manpower .

As mentioned extensive aquaculture is carried out in lakes or dugouts, present and future intensive aquaculture operations in Manitoba will involve the growing fish inside buildings under controlled conditions using tanks of varied sizes and shapes (land-based), or in cages moored in deep lakes.

The province of Manitoba offers “A Guide to Intensive aquaculture in Manitoba” as a good starting point for those exploring commercial fish farming in the province.

I always advise people to research the potential of Aquaculture as a business in as much detail as they can before deciding if its an opportunity that fits both your financial and location resources.

Aquaculture does offer good potential for financial returns and it can be a rewarding business and one you can be be proud of. Like any other idea, your business size and scope has to suit you and your resources to have the best chance for success.

More information on commercial land based Aquaculture can also be found at This link.

Information on Aquaponics farming, an excellent way to grow your own supply of fresh herbs, vegetables and fish year round can now be found at This Page.

Update: A Canadian model aqua-farm demonstrating the viability of indoor fish rearing on the Prairies is now producing Rainbow Trout. The farm is a research data collection site to answer the many questions would-be investors and regulatory agencies will have about fish-farm operations. Link to AGcanada.com Story

B&B Freshwater Fish Farm owned by the McDonald family and located near Gunton Manitoba, is expanding. Rick McDonald converted an unused hog barn to fish farming. They now raise Arctic Char and maintain one of the few certified disease free breeding stocks in the world today. They produce Arctic Char eggs and young fish plus some Rainbow Trout Read More Here.

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Saturday, April 9, 2016

Updated Aquaculture Article

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Northern Aqua Farms has updated the Aquaculture information tour section with additional resource material and a new prsentation style.

Snip of content:

Fish Farming is a versatile and flexible industry encompassing a wide range of methods designed to meet various needs and to fulfill different purposes. Hatchery production of young fish to restock lakes, streams and oceans is a form of aquaculture that has provided immense benefits by enhancing wild fish populations. Subsistence aqua farming of fish and aquatic plants has provided nourishment in many impoverished regions, while commercial level fish farming has augmented wild supplies and reduced fishing pressures.

Direct article link

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Tuesday, March 29, 2016

Aquaculture and Sustainability Making Sense

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A topic of considerable discussions and opinions, not all of which are based on facts, indeed some appear to be based largely on junk science. This is my starting post in a future series of posts presenting reference studies, articles and good science publications relating to Aquaculture.

From Experience: Fish Farmers are necessitated to become good stewards of the environment, the nature of their industry and businesses dictate that they do. Aquaculture requires clean growing waters to maintain a good level of production. Therefore, the industry must encourage environmentally friendly practices and has indeed taken many practical steps to protect local environments. In fact without ensuring protection of the environment, itself, the industry would suffer.

Exerts from George W Chamberlain in an article titled “FARMED SEAFOOD AND THE ENVIRONMENT: RESPONDING TO OUR CRITICS” published in the Global Aquaculture Advocate, December 1999, vol. 2, #6

…..Is it environmentally responsible to buy and sell farmed seafood? This is the question increasingly being asked of consumers and food retailers alike.
Consumers do need to know more about the seafood products they buy and the impact of their purchases. Unfortunately, only one side of the story is being told. As aquaculturists, often more focused on fish farming than public relations, we need to respond clearly with the facts.

Lets start with the most important fact: Aquaculture is the only sustainable mechanism to increase seafood production…..

….From the beginning, mankind turned to the seas for food, and the seas were plentiful. In the past 20 years, however, the oceans have reached their limit. World landings of edible seafood gradually have leveled off around 60 million metric tons per year. Additional fishing pressure only depletes wild stocks.

The solution to this crisis is farming - the same solution mankind developed ages ago when wild game became scarce. Aquaculture, the farming of aquatic organisms, relieves pressure on wild fishery stocks and raises food production in a sustainable way. It is a young industry, with a bright future.

In a recent New York Times interview, management guru Peter Drucker predicted that one of the new centurys most exciting industries was not the Internet, but fish farming. Yet, just as our ancestors could scarcely imagine that the vast oceans would one day be fished to their limit, our own generation struggles to grasp the tremendous potential of aquaculture…..


Full article can be found at this ChefTalk.com Link

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Monday, March 28, 2016

Aquaculture sees surge in worldwide production

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A new report by an international team of researchers, published September 07 in the online edition of The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), states that Aquaculture now accounts for 50 percent of the fish consumed globally.

Once considered to be a fledgling industry not so long ago, "Aquaculture is set to reach a landmark in 2009, supplying half of the total fish and shellfish for human consumption," the authors wrote.

Way back when, 20 or so years ago, I entered the field of aquaculture after witnessing first hand the ever increasing year to year decline in the traditional fishing industry. Back then we all felt to be on the verge of something new and big, today we can look back and see just how far the industry has come. The growth has been tremendous but it has certainly not been without challenges.

The report states that between 1995 and 2007, global production of farmed fish nearly tripled in volume, in part because of rising consumer demand for long-chain omega-3 fatty acids. Oily fish, such as salmon, are a major source of these omega-3s, which are effective in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, according to the National Institutes of Health.

This growth has placed ever increasing pressure on marine resources due to the need for large amounts of feed made from wild fish harvested from the sea. "The huge expansion is being driven by demand," said lead author Rosamond L. Naylor, a professor of environmental Earth system science at Stanford University and director of the Stanford Program on Food Security and the Environment. "As long as we are a health-conscious population trying to get our most healthy oils from fish, we are going to be demanding more of aquaculture and putting a lot of pressure on marine fisheries to meet that need." Sourcing sustainable feed ingredients is one of the largest challenges faced by the industry today.

One way to make salmon farming more environmentally sustainable is to simply lower the amount of fish oil in the salmons diet. According to the authors, a mere 4 percent reduction in fish oil would significantly reduce the amount of wild fish needed to produce 1 pound of salmon from 5 pounds to just 3.9 pounds. In contrast, reducing fishmeal use by 4 percent would have very little environmental impact, they said.

"Reducing the amount of fish oil in the salmons diet definitely gets you a lot more bang for the buck than reducing the amount of fishmeal," Naylor said. "Our thirst for long-chain omega-3 oils will continue to put a lot of strain on marine ecosystems, unless we develop commercially viable alternatives soon."

Naylor and her co-authors pointed to several fish-feed substitutes currently being investigated, including protein made from grain and livestock byproducts, and long-chain omega-3 oils extracted from single-cell microorganisms and genetically modified land plants. "With appropriate economic and regulatory incentives, the transition toward alternative feedstuffs could accelerate, paving the way for a consensus that aquaculture is aiding the ocean, not depleting it," the authors wrote.

Link to Full Story

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Saturday, March 26, 2016

Manitoba and Aquaculture

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It is my humble opinion that the practice of aquaculture in Manitoba is still regarded as a fishing industry sector. This needs to be undone.

Aquaculture isn’t a term that should be misunderstood, yet it is. The Aquaculture Industry isn’t a flash in the pan, limited cycle, and limited opportunity hair brained make money fast scheme. It is a very productive fast growing sector of agriculture that has accomplished nothing more or nothing less than any other form of agriculture; it has delivered wholesome food to a world faced with crisis after crisis of diminishing sources of nutrition.

Somehow the general opinion and view of the Aquaculture industry in Manitoba is that it is a practice undertaken by some half crazed folks that have nothing better to do than invent some other agriculture opportunity, in an effort to cash in on the rush and to gain a foothold and be the first.

Such thinking makes it difficult; to an almost extreme, for a good number of well read individuals that study trends and decide to risk money and hard work in hopes of to a commercial scale alternative crop farm, to even consider banking on an aquaculture business in the Manitoba. They simply don’t.

I am very much educated on the history of aquaculture ventures within Manitoba and elsewhere. There have been many “firsts” in this province that were research based but have now gone by the wayside; this is disappointing to a fish farmer such as me and perhaps to numerous other similar people.

Over the years of promoting aquaculture in Manitoba I have realized that there have been numerous instances where enterprising persons have attempted to create both large and small scale aquaculture operations using family money, borrowed money or investor money, only to have one thing in common, a complete lack of any support structure and their farms can only gain agriculture farm status if grow some plants, bale some hay or work a few cows on the side, otherwise they had none of the protection measures offered by the province.
Their fish farming investments of time and money were not considered farming. It still isn’t today.

Any person that has stepped up to the plate and wished to start a new agriculture operation with fish as the principal product, has or well, at some point find themselves going without traditionally accepted support programs such as crop insurance. There are extreme comparisons that could also be made, such as Aqua farmers not having recognition under any farming act, including the Farm Protection Act.

To me this is a very unfortunate situation. A quick Google search and a resulting view of all the topics good or bad, will lead you to believe Aquaculture is Agriculture and the food needs of the world have to be addressed by some means of human intervention including fish farming that has been practiced for over 3000 years in China. Fish farming like any other activity that humans have created was intended to increase the food supply, along the way it has had its share of controversy, mistakes that were made in the creation of the “modern” industry that are now addressed and dealt with by increased ability to design better farming systems.

Aquaculture is a worldwide industry worth over several billion dollars each year. It is now fast becoming an industry where company managers have to make educated decisions while attempting to adhere to a plan that drives the need to adopt new technologies in order to ensure an improvement in the environmental footprints of fish farms.

On a world wide scale the industry has leaned to grow and adopt protection and farming measures that were created in a rapid sense and at a speed that excels that of any other agriculture operation in history. This gives or should give the industry, a status, of being a valuable agriculture group or at the very least the status of being an adaptable group of farmers if not even a cooperative group.

Changes made by incorporating better security and minimizing potential impacts to the environment are a large part of new generation fish farms. I am glad that such efforts have resulted in marked difference in operation performance and compliance and have greatly enhanced the industry. Yet there is no realization that such achievements have been made here in Manitoba, it remains a political environment that still struggles with 1972 advancements in hog farming.
Neglecting an entire proven food production industry in the bargain, to say nothing of ignoring advances achieved in sustainable production of food, by continuing to use antedated regulatory measures.

The new world fish farm is one that has a focus on new methods that can lead to the creation of almost zero impact farms. These, as David Suzuki has to say, are land based farms with every means of control.

Manitoba has locations that can fit the new criteria and can exceed the requirements of any consumer review and also gain acceptance from the entire world.
Yet our Manitoba industry cannot achieve the support of government even having after getting the nod from most environmental groups.

I ask you, should a farmer wishing to build a tested and proven farm have to suffer the inadequacies of any government department that at first does not recognize him/ her as a farmer and also goes on to ensure that there is nothing by way of support or value to foster his/her dreams of achieving family driven diversification on the farm.

So where are we? We have the ability to grow a significant amount of fish using disease free farms that require no chemical intervention to maintain stock health, we are positioned in a high level trade area that allows us the opportunity to service markets daily, we can negate any possibility of fish escapement because we are land based, we can volunteer to help restore wild fish stocks using our assets, we can offer the world an alternative to controversial supplies of fish. All of these are on the plus side of the ledger
Yet we have no industry support in Manitoba. That is the biggest negative.

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Thursday, March 24, 2016

Moratorium on Aquaculture Licenses in British Columbia Will it lead to Benefits

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An article in the Vancouver Sun Jan 28, 2010 states that B.C. has slapped a moratorium on issuing new finfish aquaculture licences and wont accept new applications for shellfish aquaculture, the province announced Thursday.

The move follows a court decision on Tuesday in which the B.C. Supreme Court granted an extension to the transfer deadline for finfish aquaculture to federal regulation until Dec. 18, 2010. As part of this extension, the court ordered a suspension on approvals of all new marine finfish licenses in B.C.

Full Story Link

A related story by Mike Barber of Canwest news service Sept 9 , 2010 titled "Diversity needed on Canadas fish farms, researcher says"

Talks about the Need for Canada to diversify into production of alternative aquaculture species. That article points out that half the fish the world eats is now raised on farms, presenting an opportunity for Canada to exploit a growing global hunger for seafood, according to a study published in the online edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by a team of international researchers.

But critics say Canada is ill-prepared to cash in on the growing trend because of a fixation on farming salmon -- a species that is expensive to raise, takes a long time to grow and is not to the taste of people in the worlds rapidly developing markets.

Tony Farrell, one of the reports contributors, said the findings indicate a demand for protein-rich, affordable fish.

"The world is not eating wild fish, and theyre switching to cultured fish," said Farrell, chairman of the University of B.C.s Centre for Aquaculture and Environmental Research. "Canada can either move with the times, or not. As an exporting nation, we need to make decisions about this."

But relying on salmon -- carnivores that take more than two years to mature -- as the countrys chief farmed fish would likely prevent the Canadian aquaculture industry from harnessing the continued growth, said Farrell.

"I think diversification is a great way of thinking about this. You put all your stocks and bonds in one thing, and when it crashes, youll have a rude awakening," Farrell said. Full Story

This blog has always promoted alternative aquaculture systems and the need for further development of other species. While there are many issues effecting the industry two of the main concerns are the potential for environmental conflicts and the need to address sustainable industry growth.

Diversification into alternative farm designs producing other species using sustainable and intregrated methods, is certainly an area that needs attention.

Realted Items: Land based Fish Farms | Aquaponics Technologies

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Saturday, March 12, 2016

The Need for Aquaculture

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Aquaculture is probably the fastest growing food producing sector in the world. During the past three decades, aquaculture has expanded, diversified, intensified and made technological advances. The potential of this industry to enhance local food security, alleviate poverty and improve rural livelihoods has been well recognized

The present level of aquaculture production was driven out of necessity. Just as Agriculture became imperative to the existence of mankind, so now has Aquaculture become the only sustainable method of producing high quality seafood. One needs only to review commercial fishery statistics to see that the worlds demand for fish and seafood has exceeded the levels that hunting and gathering wild fisheries can support. Recent data suggests that aquaculture now accounts for over 50% of the entire worldwide seafood supply. It is estimated that at least an additional 40 million tonnes of aquatic food will be required by 2030 to maintain the current per capita consumption.

Read more at this page

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